Culture: defined precisely

Bangladesh culture, pahela baisha

We all belong to culture. Culture is something which is irresistible even if you claim you are not part of any culture. Think wisely, somehow you ‘are’ a part of a culture. You are leading your own life; you do not take care of anything else even you do not need help of any other person. In this situation you are part of a culture where people love in being individual. Other hand you love to share things, love to be with others then definitely you are part of a culture. So end of the day certainly you are part of a culture doesn’t matter whether you want to or not. So in this section we will look forward to discussing about culture a little bit.

Definition of culture

According to John Dewey “culture means at least something cultivated, something ripened; it is oppose to raw and crude”. Culture can be regarded as a set of beliefs, rituals, norms and styles followed by certain group of people in certain environment. The word Culture actually came from latin word and the latin word is ‘colore’ which means to cultivate. For the convenience let’s put culture into some points.

a)    Peoples’ way of acting, feeling is influenced through culture.

b)    Culture is complex, meaningful and dynamic.

c)    It is generally learned through generation and is transmitted from people to people.

d)    Through culture people may share their ideas and feelings.

e)    It has certain meaning to our lives

Therefore we can conclude that this is the process how people 

react to certain matter of their lives and learn to adapt to certain circumstances.

Types of society

types of society

Normally classification can be done through two basic view points.

       a) Non-Marxist view
b) Marxist View 
We will discuss about Non-Marxist first, then Marxist view
Non-Marxist view

In non-marxist way society can be classified as five ways, all of them are discussed below-

a)    Hunting and gathering stage: Millions years ago people used to live in certain clan without having any fire, cloth. Concept of gender developed long after that society

b)    Horticulture society: Agriculture started for the first time. There male used to take care of children and hunting, other hand female did the agricultural job

c)    Pastorals: Man learned raising animals could be beneficial

d)    Agricultural society: Agriculture started in the full form

e)    Industrial : The society within which we are living right now. If major portion of income comes from industry then it would be called industrial society.

Maxist View

The classifications under this view are described below-

a)    Primitive communism: There would be no leader, the wealth will be distributed equally

b)    Pastoral society: Similar to non-marxist viewpoint. Benefit of fostering animals.

c)    Agricultural: It is also similar to non-marxist

d)    Slave society: Around 7-8 thousand year ago slave society was quite predominant.

e)    Feudal: Here king is the ultimate ruler, as a tenants of the king you got to pay tax

f)     Capitalist: Here the theory is that government intervention should be restricted and there has to have a market featuring free flow of goods and services.

g) Communism: Common ownership is the main basement here.

Characteristics of society

It’s important to have the idea about the characteristics of society. Therefore some important characteristics are listed below-

• Usually society depends on the likeness
• Participants are normally integrated
• It can be regarded as social attachment linked with web
• Awareness and interaction are mutual
• It’s not something temporary rather eternal organization
• It is dynamic 
• Besides likeness, differences can be seen within society
• There are certain divisions for labor and cooperation
• Surely it is changeable
• Consists of people
• Interdependence can be an important issue
• Definitely it is wider 
• It is abstract

Society: concisely described

Society

We have been talking about the term society a lot, in fact we are a part of it, so defining society and some several issues  is inevitable. First let’s define society. According to the oxford dictionary when people in a community living together sharing common values, customs and norms then it is said a society. Indeed it is the congregation of people having certain similar principles. Moreover when a group of people join together for a specific goal even then it also would be a society. First principle is that the participants of a society would be sharing a common norm or even custom. There can be a separate society within a society as a subculture. Here we have to keep in mind that society does not only result of human association; it can be visible in insects like ant society where ants follow their rules of society rigidly. Even society can be formed through animals; therefore wherever participants are following a certain trends, subject to certain leadership or even geographical area then it is called a Society.    

Difference between social science and sociology

These two terms can be seemed contradictory to many people. That’s why let’s talk about the differences. Social science in essence is broader field where sociology is a part. Sociology considers the whole affair of interaction of human along with the society, where social science is a bit broader issue which covers each and every area of society. It covers field of anthropology, economics. Let’s put the distinct points below-

•   Social science is a broader issue which includes many fields.
•  Social science goes beyond the study of social interaction between humankind.
•  Social science covers the study of earth, pollution, economics, crime and so many.
•  The scope of it is generally huge than the other :)
•   Need more technology to understand it in 'full' length.   
•   It is more complex
• As a whole social science requires more resources   

What is social science? Direct answer

Social science can be described as a field which study society. Hence some people may say that sociology is the term which study society then how come social science doing the same thing and still termed as separately. We will discuss about the distinction later, for the time being we better know that sociology is one of disciplines of social science. Therefore social science is the broader issue which covers huge scope of society. Economics, linguistics or even law falls under social science. According to the oxford dictionary Social science is the study of people in society moreover it covers geography, economics, and crime etc. Therefore definition of social science can be summarized as follows-

·    Scientifically approved discipline which deals with different study such as economics, anthropology, history and so many.

·         Complete scientific study of society

Differences between Psychology and Sociology

differences between psychology and sociology

The Key differences between Psychology and Sociology are follows-

Ø  Sociology deals with the study of whole society where Psychology deals with the study of individual human characteristics, mind.

Ø  Practitioner of sociology is called sociologists and psychologists are referred for the professionals of psychology

Ø  Research area of sociology is far greater than the research area of psychology

Ø  Sociology is broad focused study, whereas psychology is narrow focused study

Ø  Society is the unit of sociology, on the other side psychology’s unit is individual.

Ø  Methods used are different

What is Psychology?

psychology

Psychology can be described as the science which deals with the behavior of individual. Psychology also analyzes the mental processes of individual. Demonstration of psychology is important because some people mix sociology with psychology. Psychology deals with nature of individual whereas other term deals with the nature of society. Psychology renders benefits to the society by making several researches on particular cases. These cases are done for the purpose of understanding individuals and groups. Those who are professional in this field are generally called psychologists, could also be named as cognitive scientists, social scientists. Let’s say some few words about the history of psychology. Psychology originated from Greece, Egypt, and Persia. Basically those countries ancient civilization contributed a lot in the study of psychology. Plato, Aristotle are the first dominant legends in the study of psychology. As a main difference between sociology and psychology is that psychology deals with human nature, how they are working, cause and effect, on the other hand sociology deals with the whole society. Key similarity is that both of those are science of attitude, behavior.

Sociologists

Some Sociologists

Sociologists are the persons who usually study behaviors of human and the trends, norms, customs, rituals of the Society. Before talking about Sociologists, it would be rude if some famous names of Sociologists are not mentioned. There are many who have significant impact on the field of sociology, among them Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, George Simmel, Auguste Comte (father of Sociology), Karl Marx are the most powerful contributors. Along these Sociologists, many other sociologists have contributed and still contributing to the field of Sociology. According to Oxford Dictionary “Sociologist is a person who studies sociology”. Sociology covers everything in a society, in a word everything. Sociology deals with war, education, marriage, population, social class and on and on. Therefore different sociologists have interest in different sectors. Certain sociologists emphasizes on his/her respective sector. They observe satiations in different way than any normal person. They try to go to as depth as possible into the subject matter. Their research is also very important for society as well as for the people of the society. In their research they find cause, effect, classification, feasibility and many more aspects of the subjects. We could know about our ancient history, development, different class, race, norms of various regions by the blessing of the research done by many hard working Sociologists. Numbers of sociologists are increasing day by day. Even now in many rural areas around the world, people are thriving to protect their own inherited culture. As different culture prevails in different soil, people think differently, demand for Sociologists is inevitable.

Aristotle: A Hero

Aristotle

We all somehow have heard about this great man Aristotle who was a well known and great philosopher and of course a polymath. Aristotle was a teacher of Alexander the Great and he himself was a student of Plato. He had contributed in many fields like biology, physics, politics, theatre, and of course in sociology. Aristotle did writings about the perfect dealing of the Society, law, and the state in the books Ethics and Politics. This great philopher was born in stagira (city), which is situated in the norteastern part of greece.

Contributors in Sociology

There are many contributors in Sociology who have sufficient impact on the origin of sociology. Plato, Aristotle, Karl Marx, August Comte, Machiavelli, Cicero and Max Weber are the most popular names in the history who contributed a lot in this particular field. Aristotle mentioned about the perfect dealing of the Society, law, and the state in the books Politics and Ethics. However, Plato also contributed in this particular discipline of social science by writing about City Society and its problems in his book Republic. From the early history, many greeks, romans have contributed a lot for the betterment of this specific field. we will be discussing more about them later on.  

Nature of the Sociology

• Sociology is the complete study of the Society
• It deals with the construction of society
• It also render the scientific explanation of social structure 
• It can be regarded as ethically neutral means it is not biased 
• It deals with the full study of the Society   

·     

Nature of sociology

Sociology

Sociology

As a Definition of Sociology, the father of sociology Auguste Comte mentioned it's the science of human association. The term 'Sociology’ came from Latin word ‘ ‘Socius’ and Greek word ‘Logus’ where ‘Socius’ means associate and ‘Logus’ means theory. Therefore Sociology is the theory or science of human association or society.

Thus we can say-

•       Sociology is the science of Society
•    Sociology is a study of social relationship
•    Sociology is a study of social organizations, institutions and groups
•    Human society is changing like anything 
•   Basically Social structure is one of the key concepts of sociology which is  based on human relationships
•   Human relationships or the different components of social structure are normally related